The process involves removing the infected pulp (nerve and blood vessels) from the tooth, cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, and then sealing them to prevent further infection. Afterward, a dental crown is often placed to restore the tooth's strength and functionality. Root canal treatment alleviates pain, preserves the natural tooth, and prevents the spread of infection to surrounding tissues. Regular dental check-ups are essential to monitor the tooth's condition post-treatment and ensure long-term success.

The need for a root canal is determined by a dentist based on the severity of infection or damage to a tooth. Symptoms that may indicate a root canal is needed include persistent toothache, sensitivity to hot or cold, swelling, or a pimple on the gums. Dental X-rays help assess the extent of the issue. If the tooth's pulp is infected or damaged, a root canal may be recommended to save the tooth. Timely consultation with a dentist is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment recommendation. Ignoring symptoms can lead to worsening conditions and potential tooth loss.

Alternatives to root canal treatment include tooth extraction or, in some cases, no treatment if the tooth is non-vital. Extraction removes the infected or damaged tooth, but it requires replacement with options like dental implants, bridges, or removable dentures to restore functionality and appearance. Choosing not to treat an infected tooth may lead to complications, such as the spread of infection or the formation of an abscess. The decision on the most suitable option depends on factors like overall oral health, the specific condition of the tooth, and the patient's preferences. Consulting with a dentist allows for a comprehensive evaluation and recommendation of the most appropriate treatment.

A root canal treatment involves several sequential steps. Initially, the dentist examines the tooth and takes X-rays to assess the extent of damage. Anaesthesia is administered to numb the area, ensuring a painless procedure. The dentist isolates the tooth with a rubber dam to maintain a sterile environment. Subsequently, a small opening is made in the tooth to access the pulp chamber.

The damaged or infected pulp is then removed using specialised instruments, and the root canals are meticulously cleaned and shaped to prepare for filling. Once cleaned, the canals are filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha to seal them. Posteriorly, the access opening is sealed with a temporary or permanent filling. In certain cases, a crown may be recommended to strengthen the treated tooth.

Follow-up visits are essential to monitor the healing process, and if a temporary filling was initially placed, it is replaced with a permanent one. The comprehensive procedure aims to alleviate pain, preserve the natural tooth, and prevent further infection. Regular dental check-ups are crucial for ongoing oral health maintenance post-root canal treatment.